Frown wrinkles or glabellar lines
Cosmetic Surgery - Plastic Surgery - Aesthetic Medicine - Reconstructive Surgery
The frown lines are expression lines or dynamic wrinkles in the area of
the glabella, which is the smooth part which protrudes between the
eyebrows. Frown lines or glabellar wrinkles are one of the expression
lines due to day contractions of the muscles of the face, excessive
creasing of the skin.
The positioning of the eyebrows is achieved by the depressor muscles
(in the vicinity of eyebrows) and elevator muscles (frontal muscles).
The balance of opposing forces ensures that position is maintained.
The contraction of the levator frontal muscle causes horizontal
wrinkles. Frown lines or glabellar vertical lines are caused by the
depressor muscles.
The more time passes, the more the skin loosens, becoming less smooth
and less firm, wrinkles and fine lines begin to tunnel out trenches of
varying depths on the skin’s surface.
At the origins of a wrinkle is a rupture of the elastic fibres in the
dermis and connective tissue is involved. Collagen and elastic fibres
are altered and reduced as a result of repeated stretching of certain
areas, making the skin lose its flexibility. Expression lines or
dynamic wrinkles dependent on facial muscles.
The treatment of frown lines is mainly achieved by the injection of
Botulinum toxin or Botox ®. Botulinum toxin has the property of
relaxing muscles and it is this action that will be used to reduce
wrinkles as well as horizontal vertical lines.
The aim of treatment with Botulinum toxin is to treat the muscular balance so as to achieve harmonization of the face.